PLCBench: Can Autonomous LLM Agents Turn PLC Access into Sustained Physical Impact?
Industrial control systems (ICSs) rely on programmable logic controllers (PLCs) to connect networked computation with physical control. Tool-using large language model (LLM) agents represent an emerging attack threat: can an autonomous agent convert a network-reachable PLC into sustained adverse physical impact? However, existing evaluations focus on digital tasks or individual stages of PLC testing. In ICSs, evaluations that stop at software exploitation, an accepted write, or tool access may therefore mischaracterize physical risk. We present PLCBENCH, to our knowledge, the first real-PLC hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) framework for characterizing this cyber-to-physical capability and its b...
| Authors | Yitian Zhou, Jingyu Zheng, Qiliang Jiang et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CR |
| Published | 27 August 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 27 August 2026 |
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