Approved Too Late: Verdict Staleness in LLM-Guarded Self-Adaptive Systems
A large language model (LLM) guardrail for a self-adaptive system (SAS) may issue an approval that is correct at check time but stale by actuation. This creates an Execute-stage time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) hazard. We study verdict freshness: whether a guardrail verdict remains valid when used. We distinguish three quantities that answer different questions: all-candidate verdict change under fixed-action replay, oracle-labeled approval expiry on recorded closed-loop trajectories, and judge-conditioned use-time invalidity. Across five reproducible SAS environments, all-candidate verdict-change rates span 5.3-48.4% at a common replay shift of eight simulator steps. We introduce th...
| Authors | Ilai Shraga, Roei Eshel, Lior Gorelik |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.AI |
| Published | 26 August 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 26 August 2026 |
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