Beyond Semantic Accuracy: Consequence-Aware Evaluation for Safety-Critical Language Understanding
Can language models be trusted in safety- critical operations? In such settings, strong per- formance on semantic metrics does not guaran- tee operational reliability: a misread altitude, a dropped execution condition, or a confused call- sign may score well under standard F1 yet carry sharply asymmetric operational consequences. We study this problem in air traffic control (ATC), where controller-pilot communication demands near-zero error tolerance, and use consequence-aware evaluation to test whether semantic scores misstate operational reliabil- ity. The framework is instantiated in a con- trolled diagnostic ATC benchmark grounded in aviation standards and feedback from 40 air traffic...
| Authors | Yujing Chang, Thinh Pham, Van-Phat Thai et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 25 August 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 31 August 2026 |
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