FM-Bench: A Benchmark for Long-Horizon Management with Competing Agents
Language model agents now execute bounded tasks reliably. Whether they can sustain effective decision-making over long horizons, where actions have cumulative consequences and the environment responds to their choices, remains largely unmeasured. FM-Bench (Football Management Benchmark) measures this. An LLM agent runs a football club for 20 in-game years through 26 tools and roughly 340 to 400 decision stops. It drafts a squad on the same budget as every rival, trades players, negotiates contracts, invests in facilities and youth, sets lineups, and answers to a board that can fire it, while a deterministic engine accumulates every year into one final score with no LLM judge or human rate...
| Authors | Tianyou Wang, Chongyang Gao, Kezhen Chen et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.AI |
| Published | 19 August 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 20 August 2026 |
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