Gated Against One Model, Open to the Next: Option-Only Solvability in Legal Multiple-Choice Benchmarks
Multiple-choice benchmarks are graded on whether a model picks the right option, not on whether it needed the question. Measuring that gap takes care: a model answering A to most items scores above chance wherever the key sits at A, and reads as recognition when it is not. We measure it on UA-JudgeExam: 11,990 four-option items with official keys, published by Ukraine's Higher Qualification Commission of Judges. Shown the options and no question, Claude Haiku 4.5 scores 0.383 against chance, and the leak is concentrated: 11.8% of items are answered blind on all eight option orders, against 0.2 items expected by chance. It is not quotation: search over 280,059 editions of Ukrainian legisla...
| Authors | Volodymyr Ovcharov |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 15 August 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 15 August 2026 |
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