A Graph Neural Network--Guided Genetic Algorithm for Physical Internet Supply Chain Optimization under Cost Uncertainty
Inventory and distribution planning in Physical Internet networks requires coordinating factory-hub assignments, factory supply, lateral transshipment among collaborative hubs, retailer deliveries, and shortages. The problem combines discrete assignment decisions with interdependent continuous flows, while uncertain operating costs make robust planning more difficult. This study formulates deterministic and min-max regret models for a three-echelon network of factories, hubs, and retailers and develops a graph neural network-guided genetic algorithm (GNN-GA) for the assignment decisions. The GNN estimates hub-specific factory-selection probabilities that are used to construct the initial ...
| Authors | Faezeh Ardali, Gerald M. Knapp |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.NE |
| Published | 10 August 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 10 August 2026 |
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