OPERA: Operator-residual feedback for reliable autonomous optical experiments with language-model agents
Autonomous agents choose actions using scores that may not reflect experimental success. We developed OPERA, an operator-residual framework for optical experiments. It represents experimental actions as optical operators and evaluates their outcomes using physically interpretable residuals. Operators specify executable changes to measurement, control or reconstruction, while residuals report departures from specified physical conditions. The agent uses both to select, combine or generate operators, and physical performance is evaluated independently against a withheld reference. Across three optical tasks, score-only feedback produced score increases without physical improvement in 23.6--...
| Authors | Ning Xu, Xiang Zheng, Fuqiang Zhong et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.AI |
| Published | 6 August 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 6 August 2026 |
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