Confident but Unreliable: A Behavioral Safety Audit of Vision-Language Models on Brain MRI
Vision-language models (VLMs), including medical specialists, are increasingly proposed for medical imaging, yet their stated confidence is rarely evaluated separately from correctness. We use brain MRI as a controlled, high-stakes testbed for a broader failure mode in frontier multimodal systems: models can appear competent while lacking reliable self-knowledge. We present an automatically graded behavioral audit and pilot study of six instruction-tuned VLMs (five general-purpose and one medical specialist) on 4,102 images (4,032 axial/coronal/sagittal MRI slices from 250 subjects plus 70 non-brain/noise controls), with labels derived from public metadata and released expert segmentation...
| Authors | Amir Sabbaghziarani, Mohammadsajad Abavisani, Sergey Plis |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CV |
| Published | 3 August 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 3 August 2026 |
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