AOSpec: Action and Observation Co-Speculation for Low-Latency Agent Serving
Large language model agents increasingly act through stateful tools, yet model generation and environment execution remain serialized at every step. As decoding accelerates, tool execution becomes a growing bottleneck. Existing action- or observation-only speculation leaves much of this latency exposed: value is concentrated in a few slow calls, some outcomes emerge only through execution, and longer lookahead typically requires an increasingly unlikely chain of action predictions. We present AOSpec, a lossless framework that co-speculates actions and observations across the full agent-environment loop. Expected Value Decoding (EVD) directs observation speculation toward outcomes with the...
| Authors | Hao Mark Chen, Jinnan Guo, Wayne Luk et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.LG |
| Published | 1 August 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 1 August 2026 |
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