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Paper · arXiv

On-Policy and Off-Policy Learning for Large Action Spaces

This thesis studies policy learning in interactive systems where an agent observes a context, selects an action from a very large set, and receives partial feedback. The main framework is contextual bandits, with two paradigms: on-policy learning, where the agent interacts sequentially with the environment and minimizes regret, and off-policy learning, where it learns from logged data collected by a logging policy. In large action spaces, both settings face major challenges: inefficient exploration, sparse data coverage, high-variance importance weights, extrapolation bias, and difficult optimization landscapes. The first part develops structured Bayesian methods for on-policy learning. W...

AuthorsImad Aouali
Primary categorycs.LG
Published30 July 2026
Last updated at source30 July 2026
cs.LGcs.AImath.STstat.ML
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