Specula: Scaling formal specifications for autonomous model checking of system code
Specula is a push-button agentic system that generates high-quality formal specifications for large, complex system code and uses the specifications for highly effective model checking and bug finding. Specula employs large language model (LLM) based coding agents to autonomously develop TLA+ specifications, including invariants that describe correctness properties of the target system and formal models that describe the system implementation with the right level of abstractions. Specula is fully autonomous and thus eliminates the barrier of applying formal methods to real-world system code (as in traditional human-centric approaches). Meanwhile, Specula addresses limitations of LLM-drive...
| Authors | Qian Cheng, Saad Mohammad Rafid Pial, Ruize Tang et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.SE |
| Published | 28 July 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 3 August 2026 |
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