Evaluating Communicative Belief Updates in Large Language Models via Implicature Recognition and Cancellation
Human language is driven by unspoken beliefs and belief updates, making these critical to model for successful communication between large language models (LLMs) and their users. In this paper, we evaluate the ability of LLMs to recognize unspoken beliefs made through implicatures and to understand their updates through implicature cancellation: the pragmatic phenomenon whereby an utterance's implied meaning is weakened or negated. We create the first expert-annotated implicature cancellation dataset, ImplicatureX, crowdsourced for human judgements of implicatures and their corresponding cancellations. We find that LLM belief update understanding lags behind that of humans, especially in ...
| Authors | Cesare Spinoso-Di Piano, Verna Dankers, Marius Mosbach et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 27 July 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 29 July 2026 |
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