Patterns of Learner-AI Interaction and Academic Performance in an Object-Oriented Programming Course

This full research paper examines how different forms of learner-AI interaction relate to learning outcomes in object-oriented programming (OOP) courses. Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools are increasingly used by students in programming education, yet evidence on their educational impact remains mixed. In particular, little is known about how students integrate GenAI tools when learning OOP, and how different patterns of use relate to students' learning experiences and outcomes. This study investigates patterns of students' self-directed GenAI use and their relationship with academic performance, perceived difficulty, understanding, and trust. Survey data were collected fro...

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