Simulating Tenant Responses to Energy Policy Interventions with Transaction-Cost-Aware LLM Agent
Recent studies use Large language models (LLMs) to simulate human opinions and decisions by prompting models with demographic, attitudinal, or persona-based descriptions. Yet such simulations rarely model the practical, cognitive, or social frictions that shape how people respond to policy interventions. Perceived transaction cost (PTC) provides a useful lens for modeling the practical frictions that shape policy responses, such as information burden, administrative effort, coordination demands, and perceived uncertainty. We use this lens to develop a friction-aware persona modeling approach for LLM-based simulation. In the context of energy-efficient renovation (EER), tenants are represe...
| Authors | Weijie Xia, Stefanie Horian, Hanyue Huang et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.AI |
| Published | 27 July 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 3 August 2026 |
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