Developing and Validating the Spanish Version of the Large Language Models Dependency Scale (LLM-D12-SP)
There is a growing need for reliable and culturally validated instruments to assess psychological dependency on large language models (LLMs), particularly as LLMs are increasingly used for task execution, decision-making, and communication in organizational and work-related settings. This need is especially relevant for Spanish-speaking populations, where LLM adoption is rapidly expanding, yet validated psychometric tools remain scarce. The present study reports the first validation of the Spanish version of the Large Language Model Dependency Scale (LLM-D12-SP), extending prior validations conducted in English- and Arabic-speaking samples. The LLM-D12 is a two-dimensional instrument asse...
| Authors | Tran Gia Bao, Mo El-Haj, Sameha Al-Shakhsi et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 24 July 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 24 July 2026 |
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