The Anatomy of a Truth Direction: Knowledge-Dependent Dimensionality, a Relational Law, and a Shared Category Geometry in Small Language Models
Bürger et al.\ (2024) demonstrated that truth representations in large language models are universal across statement polarity but reside within a multidimensional subspace. The truth value of a statement is linearly readable from a residual stream of language model, but it is not clear how much of that representation fits on a single direction, which component builds it, or what it is made of. We conducted a study based on these questions, with one instrument: a training-free axis, the dominant direction of the singular value decomposition (SVD) of hidden-state differences over true/false minimal pairs, identified without labels up to one global sign. Extensive evaluation across 14 model...
| Authors | Francesco Karim Vicidomini |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.LG |
| Published | 18 July 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 2 September 2026 |
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