Agora: Collective and Permissionless Internet-Scale Pretraining of Large Language Models
Training large language models at the multi-billion to trillion parameter scale is confined to datacenters, where data-parallel (DP) and model-parallel (MP) techniques presume homogeneous accelerators, high-speed interconnects, and a single orchestrating entity. Frontier model development is thereby concentrated among the few groups able to assemble such clusters. Meanwhile, an enormous pool of compute remains unusable for training: consumer and professional GPUs that are heterogeneous, preemptible, individually owned, and connected only by the internet. We present Agora, a system that makes efficient use of this compute. Agora combines bandwidth-efficient pipeline-parallel model sharding...
| Authors | Gil Avraham, Violetta Shevchenko, Hadi Mohaghegh Dolatabadi et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.LG |
| Published | 14 July 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 14 July 2026 |
Silytics shows public metadata from arXiv and links to the original. Information may be incomplete or out of date. Last refreshed 17 October 2026. Licenses and terms of the original apply to the work itself. Not financial, legal or professional advice.