Trusting sovereign language models as scientific instruments: evidence from Portugal's AMALIA
National language models are becoming publicly funded epistemic infrastructure. Public ownership, linguistic specialization, and open weights create a presumption of trustworthiness. Such an instrument, built by and for a language community, looks like the natural choice for measuring what that community says and values. Whether such a model validly measures anything is untested at release. The evaluation of LLMs as measurement instruments is typically task-specific and stops at agreement with human coders. Agreement cannot distinguish an LLM instrument that measures a construct from one that reaches matching codes through surface correlates. We audit the presumption on a favourable case:...
| Authors | Manuel Pita |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 9 July 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 20 July 2026 |
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