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Paper · arXiv

Ensemble Diversity Optimization for Subjective Supervision

Subjective NLP tasks often exhibit systematic annotator disagreement, requiring models that represent uncertainty rather than collapse it. We introduce Ensemble Diversity Optimization (EDO), a prediction-space framework that jointly optimizes ensemble weights, effective cardinality, and calibration through a unified differentiable objective. EDO learns ensemble composition and size end-to-end via Gumbel-Softmax relaxation and incorporates a signed diversity regularizer, tuned on validation data, to steer optimization toward either preserving or suppressing disagreement. This regularization prevents ensemble collapse and enables controlled navigation of the utility-calibration trade-off. T...

AuthorsXia Cui, Ziyi Huang, N. R. Abeynayake
Primary categorycs.LG
Published9 July 2026
Last updated at source9 July 2026
cs.LGcs.CL
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