RPAM: A Principled Metric for Evaluating Associations in Language Models with High Predictive Validity in Downstream Outputs
Language models (LMs) exhibit problematic biases, such as stereotypes. Effectively analyzing and mitigating such biases requires accurate and generalizable evaluation methods of the underlying associations. Some existing approaches focus on downstream metrics that analyze associations in generated text. Since generated text content can vary drastically across LMs, such metrics often require specialized evaluation datasets, which limits the generalization of such downstream metrics. In contrast, upstream metrics examine LMs at the fundamental level of embeddings or continuation probabilities, enabling principled association analyses across LMs. Yet, to date, no upstream metric for generati...
| Authors | Damian Hodel, Jevin West, Aylin Caliskan |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 6 July 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 6 July 2026 |
Silytics shows public metadata from arXiv and links to the original. Information may be incomplete or out of date. Last refreshed 17 October 2026. Licenses and terms of the original apply to the work itself. Not financial, legal or professional advice.