Evaluating Large Language Model Raters for German Open-Response Clinical Questions: A Physician-Annotated Benchmark Study of Agreement, Evaluator Bias, and Abstention
Background: Expert-annotated benchmarks for non-English open-response clinical questions are scarce. LLM-as-a-judge systems may scale evaluation but require validation. Objective: To introduce MedQADE, a standardized German open-response clinical benchmark with physician reference annotations, and evaluate LLM-as-a-judge alignment, self- and intra-family bias, and abstention. Methods: The benchmark contains 3,800 question-answer sets with answers from five student LLMs and annotations from 10 physicians. All 10 rated the 200-question core; two primary raters assessed each of 3,600 extension questions, with the tenth resolving disagreements. Nine LLM evaluators assessed all sets. We assess...
| Authors | William Philipp, Finn Fassbender, Daniel Fister et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 1 July 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 6 October 2026 |
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