What Counts as an Error? Dual-Reference Benchmarking for Atypical ASR
ASR systems have been often reported to underperform on atypical speech. An often conflated compounding factor is the existence of two valid transcription references: verbatim (actual produced speech, including repetitions/prolongations) and intended (the canonical form of the text with disfluencies removed) in atypical speech recognition depending on context and use-case. Most ASR evaluations conflate this duality into a single ground truth and reward systems that delete disfluencies, ignoring verbatim faithfulness. We benchmark 11 ASR models from encoder-decoder, CTC and transducer families using both verbatim and intended references on atypical stuttered speech as a case study. Our qua...
| Authors | Hawau Olamide Toyin, Srinivasan Umesh, Hanan Aldarmaki |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 30 June 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 30 June 2026 |
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