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Paper · arXiv

Perspectives on Latent Factor Indeterminacy and its Implications for Data Representation

The common factor analytic model is related to Helmholtz and Boltzmann machines, can be conceived as a linear autoencoder, or can be thought of as a single-hidden-layer generative neural network. We thus consider it a basal generative representation learner that can be used as a minimal model for studying the foundational characteristics of (deep) generative model architectures. We focus on the fundamental problem of indeterminacy in latent factor projections. This indeterminacy implies that, even when the intrinsic dimension of the latent vector is known, regularity conditions are met, and rotational indeterminacy is resolved, an inherent indefiniteness in the retrieval of causative late...

AuthorsCarel F. W. Peeters
Primary categorystat.ML
Published27 June 2026
Last updated at source27 June 2026
stat.MLcs.AIcs.LGmath.STstat.CO
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