Invisible to humans, visible to machines: a preregistered audit of Unicode fidelity across four biomedical bibliographic APIs
Biomedical text mining, scientometrics, and the construction of training corpora for biomedical large language models (LLMs) all assume that the abstract text returned by a bibliographic API faithfully reproduces the published abstract. This pre-registered audit (OSF osf.io/269b5) tests that assumption for four widely used public APIs (PubMed E-utilities, Crossref, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar) against PubMed Central (PMC) JATS XML as a common ground truth. From a complete enumeration of the PMC Open Access subset for 2024 (about 700,000 records), a simple random sample of 4,000 English-language research articles was drawn; for each, we recorded whether Unicode characters from four pre-spec...
| Authors | Przemysław Czuma |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.DL |
| Published | 8 June 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 8 June 2026 |
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