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Paper · arXiv

Bayesian control for coding agents

Modern coding agents pair LLM generators with various tools, including cheap diagnostics and expensive verifiers. The tool-use decisions are typically governed by orchestrators that often use fixed rules and ignore uncertainty. We formulate orchestration as cost-sensitive sequential hypothesis testing: a Bayesian controller maintains a belief over candidate correctness and dynamically decides whether to gather more evidence, refine the candidate, verify it, or stop. Across six generators and nine coding benchmarks, Bayesian control proves to be most valuable when verification is costly and critics are informative but imperfect. Beyond control, the belief state yields an interpretable corr...

AuthorsTheodore Papamarkou, Vladislav Smirnov, Viktor Mazanov et al.
Primary categorycs.AI
Published23 June 2026
Last updated at source23 June 2026
cs.AIcs.CL
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