One Year Later...The Harms Persist, But So Do We!
General-purpose large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for mental health-related conversations, yet safety guardrails remain inadequate and inconsistent across clinical conditions. This study evaluates eight proprietary LLMs across 16 DSM-5 conditions using four adversarial attack variants, introducing an eight-dimension harm taxonomy and a multi-dimensional evaluation framework. Results show that safeguards hold reliably only for suicide and self-harm, while conditions such as eating disorders, substance use disorder, and major depressive disorder exhibit failure rates of up to 100%. We argue that ethical design and deployment of these LLMs demand clearly defined harm categor...
| Authors | Annika Marie Schoene, Cansu Canca, Gautham Vijay Kumar et al. |
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| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 22 June 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 1 July 2026 |
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