Platooning Connected, Autonomous, and Human-Driven Vehicles: A Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Approach
Conventionally, existing vehicle platooning approaches are designed for connected vehicles, typically including connected autonomous vehicles and connected human-driven vehicles. Non-connected vehicles, such as non-connected autonomous or human-driven vehicles, are not incorporated. As a result, these platooning approaches may not properly reflect real-world mixed traffic conditions at the current stage. To address this limitation, this study proposes a hybrid platooning pattern that conditionally permits non-connected vehicles to join platoons, thereby enhancing platooning diversity and flexibility. However, it was found that the unregulated integration of non-connected vehicles can trig...
| Authors | Zhen Qina, Dong-Fan Xie, Heng Ma et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | eess.SY |
| Published | 7 June 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 7 June 2026 |
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