Hierarchical Modeling of ICD Codes in EHR Foundation Models
Electronic health record foundation models typically treat ICD diagnosis codes as flat tokens, overlooking the clinically meaningful hierarchical structure that captures disease families, subcategories, and fine-grained diagnostic detail. As a result, existing EHR representation learning methods do not explicitly exploit the hierarchical structure already present in the coding system. In this work, we study ICD-10-CM hierarchy as a general inductive bias for clinical representation learning. We investigate two complementary mechanisms for incorporating hierarchy: first, by augmenting diagnosis sequences in a BERT-style transformer with tokens corresponding to different levels of the ICD h...
| Authors | Megha Thukral, Dong Gyun Kang, Rudra Pratap Singh et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.AI |
| Published | 13 June 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 13 June 2026 |
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