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Paper · arXiv

Instrumented data for causal scientific machine learning

Scientific machine learning is limited less by model size than by the data it is trained on. Observational data records what happened but not why; template synthetic data has a known generating process but only for the simulator's template, not the case a user faces. We argue a third option is now operationally feasible: instrumented data, in which every datum carries the mechanistic model that produced it, an explicit uncertainty over that model, and an executable family of counterfactuals. Verification-and-validation (V&V) instrumented image-to-simulation pipelines are one realisation: a sensor observation becomes a fully specified, solver-backed simulation with explicit, editable param...

AuthorsDaniel N. Wilke
Primary categorycs.LG
Published5 June 2026
Last updated at source5 June 2026
cs.LGcs.AIphysics.comp-phstat.ML
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