A Taxonomy of Runtime Faults in Model Context Protocol Servers
MCP (Model Context Protocol) enables LLMs (Large Language Models) to interact with external tools and data sources via a standardized protocol. Its rapid adoption in tool-augmented Artificial Intelligence (AI) workflows has introduced new reliability challenges, such as configuration parameters that are accepted but not enforced at runtime, leading to unintended default behavior, whose runtime fault characteristics remain empirically unexamined. We present the first empirical taxonomy of runtime faults in MCP servers. We manually analyzed 833 confirmed runtime fault threads identified through a repository-mining pipeline covering 473 actively maintained MCP server GitHub repositories and ...
| Authors | Joshua Owotogbe, Indika Kumara, Antonio Ken Iannillo et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.SE |
| Published | 3 June 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 19 September 2026 |
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