Description-Code Inconsistency in Real-world MCP Servers: Measurement, Detection, and Security Implications
The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as a critical standard empowering Large Language Models (LLMs) to utilize external tools. In this ecosystem, LLMs rely on natural language descriptions provided by MCP servers to select and execute functions. This interaction implicitly assumes that tool descriptions faithfully reflect their underlying implementations, while this assumption is not mandatorily verified in practice. As a result, MCP deployments may suffer from a problem named Description-Code Inconsistency (DCI), where a tool's description of its capabilities and security boundaries is not consistent with what the code actually does. In this paper, we present a comprehensive stud...
| Authors | Yutao Shi, Xiaohan Zhang, Xiangjing Zhang et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CR |
| Published | 3 June 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 3 June 2026 |
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