On Out-of-sample Embedding in UMAP
Neighbor embedding algorithms reveal correlations in high-dimensional data by constructing an equivalent graph representation in a lower-dimensional space. An increasingly popular algorithm is Uniform Manifold Learning and Projection (UMAP), which uses algebraic topology to map distances between the two spaces. While it works well on many types of data sets, UMAP has trouble adding out-of-sample points to a pre-existing mapping. In particular, UMAP often places new points on the periphery of the found clusters, rather than in their interiors with their correlated neighbors. Here, we overcome this ``repulsion effect'' by optimizing pairwise interactions within the original k-nearest-neighb...
| Authors | Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Jason W. Fleischer |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.LG |
| Published | 3 June 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 3 June 2026 |
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