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Evaluating Cross-lingual Knowledge Consistency in Code-Mixed vis-a-vis Indian Languages using IndicKLAR

Large language models often exhibit a substantial gap between their performance in English and in lower-resourced languages on equivalent knowledge queries---a cross-lingual consistency issue that remains underexplored for Indian languages and their code-mixed counterparts. To study this gap, we introduce IndicKLAR, an Indic extension of the KLAR-CLC benchmark covering 18 of the 22 scheduled Indian languages. For 11 widely used language pairs, we additionally provide code-mixed variants. Both monolingual and code-mixed inputs verified by native speakers. This three-way alignment enables us to examine how knowledge recall consistency varies across English, code-mixed, and native Indian lan...

AuthorsDebajyoti Mazumder, Divyansh Pathak, Prashant Kodali et al.
Primary categorycs.CL
Published28 May 2026
Last updated at source29 September 2026
cs.CL
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