From Kellgren-Lawrence to Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Deposition: A Soft-Labelling Framework for Knee Osteoarthritis Assessmen
Background and objective. Conventional Deep Learning (DL) approaches for Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) grading rely on one-hot labels, which fail to capture both the ordinal uncertainty of Kellgren--Lawrence (KL) and Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD) severity scores and the asymmetric relationship between the two scales observed in clinical practice. Methods. We retrospectively collected 2172 knee X-ray images, including 968 radiographs jointly annotated for KL and CPPD severity. An ordinal DL framework based on soft-labelling was developed for both tasks, replacing one-hot targets with unimodal probability distributions centred on the annotated grade. Four formulations were inv...
| Authors | Francisco Bérchez-Moreno, Riccardo Rosati, Maria Chiara Fiorentino et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CV |
| Published | 27 May 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 27 May 2026 |
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