CiteCheck: Retrieval-Grounded Detection of LLM Citation Hallucinations in Scientific Text
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate scientific reports, but they can produce references that appear plausible while containing corrupted metadata or pointing to papers that do not exist. We introduce CiteCheck, a hybrid framework for citation hallucination detection that verifies whether a citation corresponds to a real scholarly work and whether its metadata is faithful to that work. CiteCheck retrieves candidate publications from external scholarly sources, compares the citation against the retrieved candidate using a structured LLM verifier, and maps verifier scores into three labels: Exact, Minor, and Major. We also construct a 982-citation physics benchmark...
| Authors | Khashayar Khajavi, Shaghayegh Sadeghi, Rise Adhikari et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.DL |
| Published | 26 May 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 3 October 2026 |
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