From Activation to Specificity: Automating Counterfactual Testing of Visual Representations in the Human Brain
Identifying which brain regions represent a visual concept in the human brain is a central challenge in neuroscience. Existing approaches have localized coarse functional regions (e.g., faces, places) through activation maximization, identifying regions that activate strongly for a target concept relative to other concepts. Yet strong activation alone does not establish that a region represents the concept itself, as responses may instead be driven by correlated visual or semantic cues. We introduce BrainTRACE (Testing Representations through Counterfactual Evidence), an automated framework that combines generative and brain models to synthesize controlled stimuli and validate neural repr...
| Authors | Yuval Golbari, Navve Wasserman, Matias Cosarinsky et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CV |
| Published | 22 May 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 9 August 2026 |
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