Harder to Defend: Towards Chinese Toxicity Attacks via Implicit Enhancement and Obfuscation Rewriting
Large language models (LLMs) require robust toxicity evaluation beyond explicit wording. This setting remains underexplored in Chinese, where toxicity may combine semantic indirectness with surface obfuscation. We introduce Chinese Implicit Toxicity Attack (CITA), a controlled red-team evaluation and defense-data generation framework, not a deployable evasion tool. CITA uses three stages: (i) Harmful Intent Learning, (ii) Implicit Toxicity Enhancement, and (iii) Obfuscation Variant Rewriting, to preserve harmful intent, increase implicitness, and add controlled surface variants. On CITA-generated evaluation samples, the seven tested detectors exhibit substantial missed-detection risks, re...
| Authors | Jingyi Kang, Junyu Lu, Bo Xu et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 21 May 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 21 May 2026 |
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