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Paper · arXiv

Hack-Verifiable Environments: Towards Evaluating Reward Hacking at Scale

Aligning autonomous agents with human intent remains a central challenge in modern AI. A key manifestation of this challenge is reward hacking, whereby agents appear successful under the evaluation signal while violating the intended objective. Reward hacking has been observed across a wide range of settings, yet methods for reliably measuring it at scale remain lacking. In this work, we introduce a new evaluation paradigm for measuring reward hacking. Whereas prior studies have primarily analyzed it post hoc by inspecting agent trajectories, we instead embed detectable reward hacking opportunities directly into environments. This makes their exploitation verifiable by design, enabling de...

AuthorsAmit Roth, Ankur Samanta, Matan Halevy et al.
Primary categorycs.LG
Published20 May 2026
Last updated at source20 May 2026
cs.LGcs.AI
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