Optimized Three-Dimensional Photovoltaic Structures with LLM guided Tree Search
We present a case study for how AI coding systems can be used to generate novel scientific hypotheses. We combine a generic coding agent (Google's AntiGravity) with an LLM-driven tree search algorithm (Empirical Research Assistance / ERA) to autonomously generate high-efficiency three-dimensional photovoltaic (3DPV) structures that overcome losses limiting flat solar panels at mid-latitudes. These structures operate by presenting favorable angles to the sun throughout the day, and for illustrative purposes we focus on optimizing performance for a single solar day. Our workflow begins by using AntiGravity to reproduce calculations \cite{bernardi2012solar} showing that 3DPV can have energy ...
| Authors | Michael P. Brenner, Lizzie Dorfman, John C. Platt |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 15 May 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 15 May 2026 |
Silytics shows public metadata from arXiv and links to the original. Information may be incomplete or out of date. Last refreshed 17 October 2026. Licenses and terms of the original apply to the work itself. Not financial, legal or professional advice.