ROK-FORTRESS: Measuring the Effect of Geopolitical Transcreation for National Security and Public Safety
Safety evaluations for large language models (LLMs) increasingly target high-stakes National Security and Public Safety (NSPS) risks, yet multilingual safety is mostly assessed through translation-only benchmarks that preserve the underlying scenario, leaving how language and geopolitical context interact largely unexamined beyond a few language pairs. We introduce ROK-FORTRESS, a bilingual, culturally adversarial NSPS benchmark that uses the English-Korean language pair and U.S.-ROK geopolitical axis as a case study, separating the effects of language and geopolitical grounding via a transcreation matrix: adversarial intents are evaluated under controlled combinations of (i) English vers...
| Authors | Michael S. Lee, Yash Maurya, Drew Rein et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 13 May 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 7 July 2026 |
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