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Paper · arXiv

ENSEMBITS: an alphabet of protein conformational ensembles

Protein structure tokenizers (PSTs) are workhorses in protein language modeling, function prediction, and evolutionary analysis. However, existing PSTs only capture local geometry of static structures, and miss the correlated motions and alternative conformational states revealed by protein ensembles. Here we introduce Ensembits, the first tokenizer of protein conformational ensembles. Ensembits address challenges inherent to tokenizing dynamics: deriving informative geometric descriptors across conformations, permutation-invariance encoding of variable-size ensembles, and conquering sparsity in dynamics data. Trained with a Residual VQ-VAE using a frame distillation objective on a large ...

AuthorsKaiwen Shi, Carlos Oliver
Primary categorycs.LG
Published13 May 2026
Last updated at source14 May 2026
cs.LGcs.AIq-bio.BM
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