Counterfactual Reasoning for Causal Responsibility Attribution in Probabilistic Multi-Agent Systems
Responsibility allocation -- determining the extent to which agents are accountable for outcomes -- is a fundamental challenge in the design and analysis of multi-agent systems. In this work, we model such systems as concurrent stochastic multi-player games and introduce a notion of retrospective (backward) counterfactual responsibility, which quantifies an agent's accountability for outcomes resulting from a given strategy profile. To allocate responsibility among agents, we utilise the Shapley value and formally show that this method satisfies key desirable properties, including fairness and consistency. Building on this foundation, we propose a formal framework that supports both verif...
| Authors | Chunyan Mu, Muhammad Najib |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.MA |
| Published | 13 May 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 3 August 2026 |
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