Beyond Localization: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Perspective-Conditioned Spatial Reasoning in MLLMs from Omnidirectional Images
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show strong visual perception, yet remain limited in reasoning about space under changing viewpoints. We study this challenge as Perspective-Conditioned Spatial Reasoning (PCSR) in 360 degree omnidirectional images, where broad scene coverage reduces ambiguity from partial observations without eliminating the need for viewpoint-dependent inference. To assess this capability, we introduce PCSR-Bench, a diagnostic benchmark of 84,373 QA pairs from 2,600 omnidirectional images across 26 indoor environments, organized into eight tasks under three cognitive groups--- Perception, Spatial, and advanced PCSR. We evaluate 14 representative MLLMs and observe...
| Authors | Yuangong Chen, Wai Keung Wong, Jiaxing Li et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CV |
| Published | 12 May 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 1 October 2026 |
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