LITMUS: Benchmarking Behavioral Jailbreaks of LLM Agents in Real OS Environments
The rapid proliferation of LLM-based autonomous agents in real operating system environments introduces a new category of safety risk beyond content safety: behavior jailbreak, where an adversary induces an agent to execute dangerous OS-level operations with irreversible consequences. Existing benchmarks either evaluate safety at the semantic layer alone, missing physical-layer harms, or fail to isolate test cases, letting earlier runs contaminate later ones. We present LITMUS (LLM-agents In-OS Testing for Measuring Unsafe Subversion), a benchmark addressing both gaps via a semantic-physical dual verification mechanism and OS-level state rollback. LITMUS comprises 819 high-risk test cases...
| Authors | Chiyu Zhang, Huiqin Yang, Bendong Jiang et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CR |
| Published | 11 May 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 11 May 2026 |
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