TINS: Test-time ID-prototype-separated Negative Semantics Learning for OOD Detection
Vision-language models enable OOD detection by comparing image alignment with ID labels and negative semantics. Existing negative-label-based methods mainly rely on static negative labels constructed before inference, limiting their ability to cover diverse and evolving OOD concepts. Although test-time expansion provides a natural solution, naively learning negative semantics from potential OOD samples may introduce hard ID contamination. To address this issue, we propose a \textbf{T}est-time \textbf{I}D-prototype-separated \textbf{N}egative \textbf{S}emantics learning method, termed \textbf{TINS}. TINS learns sample-specific negative text embeddings via image-to-text modality inversion a...
| Authors | Yifeng Yang, Jubo Feng, Jing Xu et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CV |
| Published | 11 May 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 11 May 2026 |
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