AxiomOcean: Forecasting the Three-Dimensional Structure of the Upper Ocean
Short-term ocean forecast skill depends strongly on the three-dimensional ocean structure of the upper ocean, which governs stratification, subsurface heat storage, and the response of the ocean to atmospheric forcing. However, AI ocean forecasting models often fail to preserve this vertical structure, resulting in over-smoothed subsurface features and weak physical consistency under strong forcing. Here, we present AxiomOcean, a global AI ocean forecasting model that explicitly represents vertical hierarchy and cross-layer dependence within the water column. By combining a fully three-dimensional encoder-backbone-decoder architecture with surface atmospheric forcing, AxiomOcean jointly p...
| Authors | Sensen Wu, Yifan Chen, Guantao Pu et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.LG |
| Published | 11 May 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 11 May 2026 |
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