From Traditional Taggers to LLMs: A Comparative Study of POS Tagging for Medieval Romance Languages

Part-of-speech (POS) tagging for Medieval Romance languages remains challenging due to orthographic variation, morphological complexity, and limited annotated resources. This paper presents a systematic empirical evaluation of large language models (LLMs) for POS tagging across three medieval varieties: Medieval Occitan, Medieval Catalan, and Medieval French. We compare traditional rule-based and statistical taggers with modern open-source LLMs under zero-shot prompting, few-shot prompting, monolingual fine-tuning, and cross-lingual transfer learning settings. Experiments on historically grounded datasets show that LLM-based approaches consistently outperform traditional taggers, with fin...

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