Investigating Anisotropy in Visual Grounding under Controlled Counterfactual Perturbations
Visual Grounding benchmarks assume that the object described by a referring expression is always present in the image, and grounding models are therefore rarely evaluated under semantically mismatched captions. In such cases, models frequently exhibit approximation behavior, producing a plausible bounding box that satisfies only part of the expression (\eg, preserving the original object while ignoring modified contextual cues). Because mismatched captions represent realistic edge cases, this behavior compromises reliability and raises concerns from an explainability perspective. Identifying its underlying causes is thus essential for improving model faithfulness and interpretability. Ado...
| Authors | Gabriele Lombardo, Luigi Maiorana, Liliana Lo Presti et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CV |
| Published | 9 May 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 9 May 2026 |
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