Coordinates of Capability: A Unified MTMM-Geometric Framework for LLM Evaluation
The evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) faces a critical challenge in construct validity, where fragmented benchmarks and ad hoc metrics frequently conflate method variance, such as prompt sensitivity, with true latent capabilities. Concurrently, emerging research suggests that LLM capabilities and outputs can be modeled as continuous geometric manifolds. In this Systematization of Knowledge (SoK), we bridge these paradigms by proposing a generalized Multi-Trait Multi-Method (MTMM) framework for LLM evaluation. We formalize and unify nine evaluation metrics, including Paraphrase Instability, Drift Score, Overton Width, and Pluralism Score, interpreting them not as isolated scalar v...
| Authors | Adib Sakhawat, Tahsin Islam, Takia Farhin et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 8 May 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 14 May 2026 |
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