Retrieval and Multi-Hop Reasoning in 1M-Token Context Windows: Evaluating LLMs on Classical Chinese Text
We evaluate the long-context retrieval and reasoning capabilities of five frontier large language models with advertised 1M-token context windows on a classical Chinese corpus. Two complementary studies are reported. Test 1 measures single-needle retrieval at 1M tokens of input, with three biographical needles planted at three depths and pairs of real (training-prior-consistent) and altered (training-prior-contradicting) variants to separate genuine in-context retrieval from reliance on memorised training data. Test 2, a follow-up designed to probe whether long-context capability degrades when retrieval requires intermediate reasoning, measures three-hop chain traversal across three conte...
| Authors | Eric H. C. Chow |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.AI |
| Published | 4 May 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 4 May 2026 |
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